Food Chain | Importance and Role Played In The Ecosystem
A food chain is a feeding correlation between the two organisms that comprise our ecosystem.
The energy mechanisms in ecosystems are depicted by a food chain. Food chains of organisms varying from producers to consumers exist in every ecosystem on the planet.
The producers are at the bottom of the food chain, while the consumers who eat those producers are referred to as primary consumers. Secondary and tertiary consumers are higher-level consumers who consume those organisms.
●⫸ What are multiple Food Chains called?
A food web is composed of all the food chains inside one ecosystem. Every living creature in an ecosystem is a part of several food chains. Each food chain represents one possible path for energy and nutrients as they move through the ecosystem. A food web is made up of all of the interrelated and overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.
⫸ Types of Food Chain
The food chain is divided into two types, which are as follows:
1) Detritus Food Chain – This includes a variety of organisms and plants such as algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, mites, insects, and worms, among others. This begins with decomposing organic matter. The energy consumed by composers and detritivores is consumed by smaller organisms such as carnivores.
2) Grazing Food Chain – This begins with green plants and progresses through herbivores and carnivores. The lowest trophic level in this food chain obtains energy from photosynthesis.
◆ Trophic Levels of Food Chain
The food chain begins at the bottom with producer organisms and progresses in a single direction up the series. Trophic levels of the food chain are nothing but the consecutive levels of a food chain. The position of any living organism within a food chain determines its trophic level. A food chain has several trophic levels.
1) Primary Producers:
Autotrophs form the primary or base level. These are organisms that can produce their food from carbon dioxide and convert it into energy with the presence of sunlight.
These are plants and algae, respectively. They do not eat other organisms, but instead draw nutrients from the soil or the water and use photosynthesis to produce their food. They are referred to as primary producers.
2) Primary Consumers:
The second trophic level is made up of heterotrophic organisms or those that feed on the very first trophic level, the autotroph (plants) biomass. Herbivores include tiny species that feed on microscopic algal cells on the surface of lakes, ponds, and oceans, as well as much larger mammalian herbivores like mice, deer, cows, and elephants.
Herbivores use the fixed energy and nutrients in one‘s food, autotrophic biomass, to power their metabolic functions and grow. Caterpillars, insects, grasshoppers, termites are examples of primary consumers.
3) Secondary Consumers:
The next level is the creatures that eat herbivores. These are known as secondary consumers. Such as a snake that eats rabbits. As a result, snakes are secondary consumers.
4) Tertiary Consumers:
Tertiary consumers are the next consumer level. Tertiary consumers, such as killer whales, are carnivores that consume other carnivores. Seals and sea lions are prey for killer whales. These are carnivorous creatures that prey on fish, squid, and octopuses.
5) Quaternary Consumers:
The quaternary consumers occupy the next level. They are usually carnivorous animals that prey on tertiary consumers. Apex predators are the ones who live at the top of a food chain and prey on no other creatures.
Examples of quaternary consumers comprise lions, wolves, polar bears, humans, and hawks.
6) Decomposers:
Organisms that biodegrade dead plants and animals are known as decomposers. They also decompose other organisms’ waste. They are an important component of the food chain since they maintain a steady supply of nutrients for primary producers.
Without decomposers, plants would be unable to obtain energy and, as a result, the environment would be contaminated with dead organisms and waste.
◆ The Importance of Food Chain
1) These are the biosphere’s living components. These are how energy is transferred from one level to another. Materials and nutrients are also transferred through food chains.
2) It is a representation of organisms in an ecosystem that is connected via the transfer of energy and nutrients, beginning with an autotrophic organism like a plant and continuing with each organism being consumed by one higher up the chain
3) It also shows how organisms are related to one another via the food they consume
4) We are all reliant on food to survive. Energy is required for the biotic world to continue growing itself. A food chain describes the process by which a specific organism obtains its food.
5) It is a system for identifying who eats whom in a biological community or ecosystem to obtain food.
6) A food chain is a diagram that depicts the transfer of energy from one organism to the next, and so on. To survive, everyone requires the energy released through a food chain.
7) Scientists can gain knowledge more about ecosystems and how to keep them balanced by studying food chains.
◆ Transfer Of Energy in And Between Organisms
Energy can be conveyed and transferred from one organism to another within the food chain. Plants get their energy from photosynthesis, whereas mammals get their energy from food – whether that is eating other animals or eating vegetation.
Transfer of energy occurs between organisms via the food chain. Producers are the first link in the food chain. They are consumed by primary consumers, who are then consumed by secondary consumers. They are then consumed by tertiary consumers, and in the case of a long food day, they can be consumed by quaternary consumers. A trophic level of the food chain is a name given to each stage.
A food web is formed when food chains are linked together.
So, how does all of this energy enter the food web and how is it distributed?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants obtain energy from the sun. This energy can then be passed down the food chain from one organism to the next. The producer is the organism that obtains energy from sunlight. Plants are frequently involved, but bacteria can also play a role in some cases.
Even though producers carry energy into the food chain from the sun, consumers make up the vast majority of the food chain. Predators, scavengers, and parasites are examples of these. Only 10% of a plant’s energy is passed on when it is eaten by a primary consumer.
At each trophic level, some energy is lost as heat or used for various metabolic activities. Lindeman was the first person to investigate trophic efficiencies.
As per Lindeman’s law of 10%, the level of energy transfer through one trophic level to the other is 10%, or we can assume that only 10% of the net primary productivity of producers ends up as herbivores and so on to the next trophic level.
During the transmission of organic food energy from one trophic level to the next higher level, just about 10% of the transferred energy is absorbed as flesh. The rest is lost during transfer, broken down during respiration, or lost due to lack of proper digestion by higher trophic levels.
The ten percent law provides an overview of food chain cycling. In addition, the ten percent law demonstrates the inefficiency of storing energy at each successive trophic level.
The low percentage of transferred energy can be attributed to a variety of factors, including some organisms not being consumed, insufficient digestion of the eaten organism, energy expended in excretory processes, and energy lost as heat.
Consumers transfer 20% of their energy to other consumers. This is since they are more efficient than plants at transferring energy. Much of the energy is expended in excretion, and some are expended in attempting to maintain a steady temperature.
When producers or consumers die, decomposers feed on them. After producers and consumers die, decomposers divide complex materials down into simple components, consuming the energy they contain. Minerals and elements required by plants are thus released in a form that plants can use.
There are times when plants must be destroyed. Plants will be killed by pesticides. They must, however, be used with caution because they can harm plants that you do not want to kill. Pesticides or biological controls are used to eliminate pests. Pesticides are poisonous chemicals that are applied to pests. To get rid of pests, you can also use biological controls (other organisms).
Biological control organisms are typically predators or parasites of the pest organism. The ladybird, which feeds on aphids, is an example of this type of control. Aphids can cause significant crop damage.
However, biological controls are often slower to act than pesticides. They can also be harmful because the organism on its own may become a pest over time. Many farmers will restrict movement in the cause of transferring energy in living creatures so that less energy is lost. This energy can then be converted into body mass.
Additionally, the environment can be kept warm to reduce heat loss from the body.
◆ Energy Pyramid Formed by Food Chain
The Energy Pyramid is also known as an ecological pyramid or trophic pyramid. It is a pictorial depiction of the interactions between organisms in an ecosystem. The pyramid is made up of many bars. Each bar represents a different trophic level.
These bars are arranged in the order of who feeds on whom. It represents the flow of energy in the ecosystem. Energy flows from the bottom of the pyramid, where we have producers, upward. Normally, the height of the bars is just the same. However, the width of each bar varies based on the quantity of the element being measured.
An energy pyramid can be used to quantify the transfer of energy from one organism to the next in a food chain. The bottom of the pyramid has more energy, but it tends to decrease as you move up through the trophic levels.
Specifically, as energy flows through the different trophic levels, some of it is normally lost as heat at each level. Approximately 10% of the total heat is transmitted during energy flow through many trophic levels, resulting in a continuous drop in the amount of energy.
But why only pyramid shape?
Because of the way energy is used and lost throughout the ecosystem, the shape is important in demonstrating the flow of energy.
▶ Example of Energy Pyramid formed by the food chain
An earthworm decomposes dead organic matter in the soil, which the plants, waiting one level higher in the pyramid, use to produce food together with the light from the sun during the photosynthesis process.
The next level up in the pyramid are herbivores who use the stored energy in the plants by feeding on them. The energy contained in herbivore feces is recycled back into circulation, where it is further broken down by earthworms.
◆ Food Chain is Unidirectional
1) The energy that goes to herbivores does not return to the autotrophs.
2) The energy captured by the autotrophs does not return to the Sun.
3) As a result, energy moves progressively through the food chain’s various trophic levels.
4) The prior trophic level no longer has access to this energy.
5) As a result, energy flow in a food chain is unidirectional.
Pesticides enter the food chain and then enter our bodies in the following ways:
1) Pesticides are sprayed on crop plants to safeguard them from pest attacks.
2) These pesticides are absorbed by plants after being swept away into the soil or water bodies.
3) Pesticides enter the food chain when plants are consumed as food by humans or other animals.
4) Because pesticides are not biodegradable, they accumulate and enter our bodies gradually.
◆ Conclusion:
Understanding food chains is critical because they explain the intricate relationships that exist in an ecosystem. A food chain demonstrates how every living organism relies on other organisms for survival. The food chain is a diagram that depicts the flow of energy inside an ecosystem.
The food web is made up of various types of life forms. The web’s producers are green plants that can produce their food through photosynthesis. They are at the very bottom of the chain. Consumers are animals that consume the flesh of other living things.
If one species in the food web goes extinct, one or more members of the rest of the chain may also go extinct. A plant or animal does not even have to go extinct to have an impact on one of its predators.
So, that was all about the food chain which always starts with the producers then the consumers, and lastly the decomposers.